Essay about Mobey Dick - 1456 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Herman Melvilles Moby Dick is a book which can be read as a general metaphor for the battle between the evil powers of the Devil versus the divine powers of God and Jesus, both try to obtain the souls of mankind in order to assist in each others destruction. In this metaphor, the Devil is shown through the person of Captain Ahab, God becomes nature, Jesus is seen as the White Whale, and the representation of mankind is the crew. The voyage of the Pequod, therefore, is a representation of a similar voyage of mankind on earth, until the death of Jesus, during the whole thing the influences of these three â€Å"supernatural forces† are connected. Thus, the basis of this idea is that†¦show more content†¦quot;The hand of fate had snatched all their souls, and by the stirring perils of the previous day; the rack of the past nights suspense; the fixed, unfearing, blind, reckless way in which their wild craft went plunging towards its flying mark; by all these things, their hearts were bowled along. The wind that made great bellied sails, and rushed the vessel on by arms invisible as irresistible; this seemed the symbol of that unseen agency which so enslaved them to the race,quot; (p.606) Relating to the metaphor, this passage can be viewed as giving the possibility of God as symbolized through the medium of nature in Moby Dick. The quot;wind†, thought about in this sense, is an quot;unseen agencyquot; of the motivation of God, which leads men’s souls to the right paths. However, it is not a representational term found just in Melvilles book. This quot;windquot; appears as an indication of God in the opening lines of the book of Genesis, and can also represented when God breathes life into man. Another similarity between the Biblical representation of God and this passage is shown through the thought of arms. Just as God acts in the Bible by stretching out his right arm and commanding good or

Essay about Samuel Clemens in Buffalo A Woman and an Artist

Samuel Clemens in Buffalo: A Woman and an Artist Preface While literary critics and historians alike have thoroughly examined the influence of Samuel Langhorne Clemens’ Missouri boyhood and foreign travels on his writing, scholars outside of Western New York consistently overlook the importance of the eighteen months he spent in Buffalo from August 1869 to March 1871. Though a Buffalo resident for the past twenty years, I was also only vaguely aware that Clemens passed through until Dr. Walter Sharrow of the Canisius College History Department mentioned his local stay. The suggestion that America’s best satirist lived in Buffalo—a location that could provide a contemporary wit with a wide range of material—tickled my historical†¦show more content†¦Rather than presenting a chronological account of his Buffalo experience—which Fried has done sufficiently well—I intend to thematically examine the factors most influencing the changes in his artistic production. The following paper relies heavily on Clemens’ personal correspondence taken from the University of California Press’ five volume collection of his letters. Additionally, Joseph B. McCullough and Janice McIntire-Strasburg’s Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, the edited collection of Twain’s writings for the Express, provided a useful source of his public writing during his stay in Buffalo. Justin Kaplan’s comprehensive biography, Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain, was also useful and careful to include much information abou t his Buffalo experience. Unfortunately, no found notebooks or journals written by Clemens record the hectic years from 1869 to 1872. Finally, a note of appreciation must be rendered towards the coffee bean. Without that simple vessel of life, this paper would not be possible. Samuel Clemens in Buffalo: A Woman and an Artist At the age of seventeen, when his characteristic moustache was just a few faint whiskers, Samuel Langhorne Clemens left his home in Hannibal, Missouri to search for a new life. Already heavily interested in the work that would dominate his next eighteen years, he traveled to New York to

More College Classes Should Be Taught Online Free Essays

Having taking online classes before in high school, I feel like there should be more classes available for the college level as well. Making more classes available for students in college will open more opportunities for students that may be working or that may even have children. I know that if there were more online classes available that I would take them because I work and it is hard to find class times that work into my schedule. We will write a custom essay sample on More College Classes Should Be Taught Online or any similar topic only for you Order Now I noticed before in my online classes I did earned better grades because I learn better by reading things myself rather than listening to a teacher lecture me. If I have everything I need to know right in front of me I could go back to whatever I need rather than having a teacher repeat everything I didn’t get. I also find it convenient because you can’t get as far behind for things like inclimate weather. Doubt Also with taking an online class, I found many struggles and negatives to the program. One thing that I didn’t like was when all the assignments were due at the same time at the end of the week. This made things very hard no only to get done but after working when I was time to do online class work, I had no enthusiasm to do it. So when It came to the end of the week when assignments were due and tests were to be taken I found myself cramming everything. Another disadvantage to online classes was the fact that I had no one on one time with the teacher if needed unless it was over email. There was also no group work which made it hard to see others perspectives and feedback on papers and assignments. That’s where I found myself struggling; having only mainly my parents to revise my assignments. The last thing I found frustrating was if blackboard, or any other online classroom website, was down there was not much one could do to get their assignment turned in. Those are my beliefs and doubts about college online classes. How to cite More College Classes Should Be Taught Online, Papers

Significant And Impactful Terms Of Contract †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Significant And Impactful Terms Of Contract. Answer: Terms of Contract Among the various term of contract warranty is mentionable one. A warranty refers to a promise or assurance in a contract which if breached by either party may result in making the aggrieved party claim for the caused damages. In other words, warranty as a term of contract implies a promise or guarantee with the help of which assurance is provided by one party to the other involved party that the mentioned conditions or facts are true in nature [1]. On the part of the aggrieved party, irrespective of materiality factual guarantee can be enforced with the help of which legal remedy can be availed by the aggrieved party when it can be established that the made promise is not true in nature. Warranty, as a contract term can be further classified into express warranty and implied warranty. In the particular case of Peter, express warranty is more relevant which referrers to the promise the assurance made regarding the product by the seller with live upOn the basis of the above discussed aspect, it can be mentioned that the statement that OFFICE PRO X9 is the best chair in the market and/ it is an amazing chair can be considered as a term of the contract i.e. express warranty between Peter as the buyer and the seller which was stated by Samantha who assisted Peter at Forever Furniture. It is due to the fact that, it is with the help of the terms of the contract that OFFICE PRO X9 is the best chair in the market and/ it is an amazing chair Samantha assured or promised Peter the mentioned facts are true in nature i.e. the particular product is the best in the market to meet his purpose of buying [2]. In addition to this, it is the reliance of Peter on the particular term of the contract basing upon which he decided to buy OFFICE PRO X9. On the basis of the above discussed facts, it can be stated that statements like OFFICE PRO X9 is the best chair in the market and/ it is an amazing chair can be considered as the term of the contract i.e. express warranty. To mention the scenario of Peter in a specific manner, sales representatives may unintentionally with the help of inflated or careless statements or conduct or even by their silence to the inquiry of customers may create warranties as it was observed in case of Peter. In his case, Samantha due to inflating her sales talks to convince Peter to buy the product made statements. On the basis of which it can be considered as a terms of contract i.e. unintended warranties. In order to establish the above discussed fact the case of Ford Motor v. Lemieux 1967; Grady 1983 can be mentioned[3]. In the particular case, an advertising brochure of Ford truck which depicted the picture of the truck off-road driving on mountains, ditches and streams used by the sales person to convince the buyer. Due to the same reason, when the buyer faced mechanical problems, the company was held liable for breach of warranty, though it was not the intention. In case of Peter as well, it can be observed that when such promi ses regarding the product were made by Samantha as inflated statement resulting in the creation of unintended warranties as the term of contract. As already stated there are different types of terms of contract. Among the various terms of contract one of the significant and impactful terms of contract is express terms. Express terms of a contract as the name suggests, are those terms of a contract which are clearly and profoundly mentioned and specifically agreed between the parties involved in the agreement [4]. Express terms can be mentioned verbally as well as in writing in an agreement. The only essential requirement in case of express terms is the consent on the part of the involved parties in a contract. On the basis of the above discussed facts it can be mentioned that the term specifying that OFFICE PRO X9 is effective in providing required lower-back support to Peter, which would allow Peter to work comfortably the entire day, can be considered as an express term of contract. If the particular scenario of Peter is analyzed it can be observed that, in the process of buying the chair, Peter has clearly specific his ter ms for the purpose of buying the chair which is sufficient back support [5]. On acknowledging and accepting his term, Samantha provides him with OFFICE PRO X9. This clearly reflects that it is a term of contract, as it was clearly mentioned by Peter that in order to buy the particular product, the particular terms on the part of Peter i.e. requirement of sufficient lower back support which was mentioned by him verbally is needed. In addition to it, Samantha was aware of the term mentioned by Peter and on agreeing upon the term she provided him with the particular product making the term- OFFICE PRO X9 is effective in providing required lower-back support, a term of contract. However, in this context a complication may arise due to the specification of the statement by Peter verbally. It is due to the fact that terms which are mentioned verbally during negotiations prior the conclusion of the contract and it is not mentioned when the contract is put down in writing, such terms are us ually considered as representation. It is due to the fact that, as the term is not mentioned in the written agreement it is assumed that on the part of the involved parties the statement is not viewed as important [6]. In case of Peter as well it can be observed that the particular term was mentioned during negations prior the conclusion of the contract, which may end up in considering the particular statement as representation rather than a term of contract. However, there are certain other factors which are also taken into consideration in such scenario, i.e. strength of statement and importance of the statement which in case of Peter can be observed that, the term was considered to be vital and integral aspect in buying the product. From this context the particular statement will be considered as term of contract. The term that OFFICE PRO X9 is effective in providing required lower-back support to Peter is express term of contract. Express term of a contract refers to those contractual terms which are clearly and specifically mentioned and agreed up, on the part of the involved parties. This particular term of contract can be in both oral as well as written form [7]. The aspect of prime importance in the case of express terms is it has to be agreed upon on the part of the involved parties in the contract.In case of Peter, it can be observed that the particular term i.e. the need of sufficient lower-back support has been clearly mentioned by him, regarding which Samantha was aware and agreeing to it she provided him with the particular product [8]. Thus on the basis of the above discussed fact, it can be stated that the particular term that OFFICE PRO X9 is effective in providing required lower-back support to Peter which would allow him to work comfortably the entire day is express term of con tract. The reason being it was clearly motioned by Peter that it was the pre-condition for buying the product which was agreed upon by Samantha. The presence of the exclusion clause under clause 10 of the contact between Peter and Forever Furniture will not prevent him from suing Forever Furniture due to breach of contract term. It is due to the fact that, clause 10 of the contract between Peter and Forever Furniture provides protection to the company for the impact of breach of warranty under their agreement. The warranty in the agreement was the term that OFFICE PRO X9 is the best of the market and/ an amazing chair [9]. It was clearly breached by Forever Furniture, as the product failed to met the purpose of Peter and thus failed in keeping the promise resulting in breach of warranty. However, under this term of the contract Peter cannot sue OFFICE PRO X9.This does prevent Peter form suing Forever Furniture for breach of contract terms due to the lack of performance of the product in meeting the need of Peter. It is due to the fact that the need of the particular product to be effective in providing support in order to hel p Peter work for the entire day was a pre-condition for buying the product [10]. The statement had strength and significance associated with it, making it a term of contract, to which Samantha agreed to, making it an express term of the contract. As the express term of the contract was breached by Forever Furniture, because OFFICE PRO X9 failed in providing him with required lower-back support to work comfortably the entire day and caused his pain to exasperate, he can sue Forever Furniture for breach of contract, having not impact of exclusion clause on suing the company by Peter. References Beale, H. G, W. D Bishop and M. P Furmston, Contract (Oxford University Press, 2008) Boedecker, Karl A., Fred W. Morgan and Jeffrey J. Stoltman, "Legal Dimensions Of Salespersons' Statements: A Review And Managerial Suggestions" (1991) 55(1) Journal of Marketing Carter, J. W, Breach Of Contract (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2011) Carter, J. W,Contract Law In Australia (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2013) Duggan, Michael, Wrongful Dismissal Breach Of Contract (EMIS Professional Pub., 2007) Espenschied, Lenne Eidson and Lenne Eidson Espenschied, Contract Drafting (American Bar Association, 2016) Express And Implied Terms Of The Contract (2017) Lawhandbook https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch18s02s01.php Kuhnel-Fitchen, Kathrin and Tracey Hough, OptimizeContract Law (Taylor and Francis, 2014) Stannard, John E and David Capper, Termination For Breach Of Contract (Oxford Univ. Press, 2014) Taylor, Richard and Damian Taylor, ContractLaw (Oxford University Press, 2017)

Poverty Essays (2179 words) - Humanitarian Aid, Nectar In A Sieve

Poverty Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Poverty "Approximately one-fifth of the worlds population, over one billion people, earns less than one dollar a day" (Readings on Poverty). Living in today's society, as unpalatable as it may be, it is succinct that homelessness, hunger, lack of work, and illiteracy are direct effects of destituity among people today. As a result, this causes people to struggle throughout their lives. Nectar in a Sieve, a compelling story about a destitute family by Kamala Markandaya, illustrates powerful examples of results from the limited options in India. After reading this novel, and examining how poverty effects the world, I am now cognizant about how great of an effect poverty has on millions of people today. Homelessness, a ubiquitous problem in the world, is a murky road to ultimate despair. There are many different reasons for homelessness, but there are a few well-traveled paths to destitution; Mental illness, lack of affordable housing, family breakdown, and alcoholism are all factors. A chilling fact, from any point of view, is that small children have become the fastest-growing sector of homelessness. "The average homeless family includes a parent with two or three children. The average child is six years old, the average parent twenty-seven" (Orr 29). This may seem unreal, but in Massachusetts alone, three fourths of all homeless people are now children and their parents. Today, the chronically and severely mentally ill are not proficient at coping with the stresses of this world. They are vulnerable to eviction from their living arrangements, mostly because of the stress of dealing with various problems such as landlord situations. Many tend to drift away from their families and will loose all goals in their life. "Once the mentally ill are out on their own, they will more than likely stop taking their medications and after a while will lose touch with the Social Security Administration and will no longer be able to receive their Supplemental Security Income checks" (58). Because of their poor judgment and disarray, they will fail to notify anyone and could end up on the streets, where the effects of drugs and alcohol will lead into further serious complications. Once at this stage, they can no longer look after themselves, and the only way of being succored from this lifestyle is from acting in a bizarre or disruptive manner, which will lead to being taken to a jail or hospital. "The most important thing in every man's life is shelter, once you have shelter, then you are able to get yourself together..." (Hope 183). It's necessary to get into a shelter or the result could be the downfall of one's life. Once in a shelter, it's easier to develop the idea of getting out of trouble that one has already sunk into. Other than just looking at the mentally ill being associated with homelessness, lack of affordable housing is also another factor. In today's world, everything is being replaced; out with the old, in with the new. As senile housing units are bulldozed to the ground, not only is the unit itself destroyed, but also the affordability of housing. This now makes the availability of low-income housing less and less. Kamala Markandaya illustrates homelessness clearly to her audience as Ruki and Nathan are thrown from their house and village. As Ruki and Nathan walk through the city, they discover they are not the only people who are homeless. " ?We may yet be forced to that' said Nathan pointing to their begging howls, ?if we do not find out son' " (Markandaya 155). The city, crowded with mendicants, paints a perfect example of all the homeless people; there are even homeless children. When the worried Nathan says, "forced to that", he too recognizes the lack of options for them, thus they may be forced to beg. Just as there are homeless people during the day, there are the same homeless people at night and they too must find somewhere to sleep. Ruki and Nathan, tired and worn out, realize this as it approaches nighttime in the city. "Well, if you do not arrive tonight there is a temple not far from here where you can eat and sleep" (146). An invitation to a temple to eat and sleep at is not always something you would expect to hear from strangers. The temple must be organized to aid the poor and homeless. If there were not many people who were poor or homeless in the first place, there would not be an organization to help them. Alcoholism also contributes to homelessness. Homeless people with complex alcohol

Literary Critique Essay

Literary Critique Essay Literary Critique Essay Synopsis: Literary critique is necessary when an author is handing a manuscript for publication. The critique is used to design marketing strategy and determine the target readership for the piece of work. In literature, critique of a book is necessary to determine the historical background of the work. This analysis, gives an insight into what influences a writer to create a piece. Through criticism, the message of writer is passed to readers. Book critique presents a summarized version of the writers work and aim of writing. Book criticism, follows a certain critiquing instrument in order to achieve a masterpiece criticism. This paper aims to use the literary critique instrument to analyze an excerpt of The Prince by Machiavelli. The paper will use the instrument to give a clear analysis of Machiavelli piece of work. The story is written during the Italian Renaissance period. Machiavelli was born in 1469, attended school to University level. He is reputed as an acute analyzer of institutions and personalities. He served in government in various diplomatic posts and other political assignments. The story is written right after the government he serves is overthrown. Machiavelli is forced into internal exile and later thrown in prison. The republican government overthrow made Machiavelli a victim of change. While in prison, he endures torture and after being released he retires to his farm. At this juncture, Machiavelli turns to literary pursuits; The Prince, is his first piece of literature. The political upheavals of the time influenced his literary work a lot. In The Prince, he seems to pass a political message to the rulers of the time. As aforementioned, the writer steeps his literary piece in the turbulent political times. His writing is bluntly honest, although, it contradicts with some of his works. The piece of work is composed in a reflective state of mind. He takes a critical view of himself and the world around him. He writes this work as an effort to gain his stature and standing in government. Most of his contemporaries in the overthrown government were quickly reabsorbed back to service, which motivates him to write The Prince, with the hope of presenting it to the ruler of the time. He was not successful in his attempt. The writer uses a very authoritative voice in his work. His critical and cynical view, presents him as an angry man. His imprisonment was based on false accusations, which may act as the reason he is angry. Personal response: Reading The Prince, one is impressed by Machiavelli’s use o direct person. He writes with a lot of occurrence of â€Å"I†. This allows the reader to feel he is part of the conversation. Reading the book makes one feel he is talking with and not being talked to by the author. The book gives a peek into the powerful mind of an insightful politician. He exhibits a blunt sense of honesty in an astonishing manner. The style of writing, as earlier noted, is quite authoritative, mixed and blended with a conversational tone. One might be repulsed by his view on power. Quite clearly, he refutes the moralistic approach to power and argues that a person with power should command. He clearly does not believe in goodness with power. He holds the view; one should be feared instead of being loved. In a moral society one finds this view to be out of sync and maybe evil. In conclusion, the book seems to reflect Machiavelli’s political ideology. He gives an overview of how a ruler should use his legitimate power. The work can be viewed as a political satire, because one can get the feeling the views expressed do not reflect the writer’s true political opinion.

Reasons for Investing in HSBC HOLDING PLC Essay - 1

Reasons for Investing in HSBC HOLDING PLC - Essay Example It is branded world’s number 1 in the provision of various services and products to many customers. HSBC helps their customers in investigating emotional attitudes in matters related to financial markets and telling them the importance of investing in long-term. They also provide share services online for those investors who are interested in their own portfolio management. HSBC has a range of investments, life insurance, and savings opportunities, which can be applied online for experts (Chandra, 2008). By 2009, this company was rated amongst the largest group of banks and the sixth largest in the world according to the measure of the Forbes magazine. Hong Kong used to be its headquarters up to 1992 when there was an urgent need due to the force that was eminent by then to move to the UK as a state of completion of acquiring Midland bank. Presently, there is no area in the world that dominates the earnings made by this group. Hong Kong is still HSBC’s substantial incom e source. The recent expansion and acquiring of HSBC roots in China have increased their customer confidence and reason to invest in them. This banking company has established itself well and widely in its operational base in the world. This company has its major points on such services as an investment, lending, and provision of insurance services globally. HSBC bank as a company of the HSBC group is internationally recognized as a bank and a provider of financial services. It offers a stream of services related to finance and serves to diversify customers across the world in four groups of customers and worldwide business, namely commercial banking, financial services that are personal, private banking and global markets and banking. The group in general and the bank in particular, cater for a wide range of services such as commercial, personal, institutional and corporate, private banking and investment by clients. This company carries out its operation across the border in the U K, Asia, America, Africa, and in the Middle East.

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Synthesis - Essay Example Sean needs to engage students in the topics by reducing the verbal instructions and communicating his instructions or lecture through visual aid. Hence, he should inter-mix verbal instructions with captivating visuals to help him gauge their attention. This would give Sean a clear understanding of student’s knowledge regarding clay sculpting and what Sean needs to explain more. Students should start their own clay sculpture, but after fifteen minutes, students would be rotated and they would finish each other’s sculpture. This kinesthetic movement would make his expectations clear, and would also be a fun activity for students to finish their friend’s work. He should also make a rule for students that if they break something, they would have to pay for it. Sara needs to first use the Socratic method of learning, ask students for information and then fill the gaps with her expertise. Sara is dealing with students who are passionate about football, but there are also girls in her class she needs to consider too. Sara needs to observe class behaviour, as well as community behaviour. In order to understand better her class and community, she should use visual aids, like pictures of legendary football players, monuments and places that the community thrives on. This would make her feel close to the class and the community, and would also make her more engaged with the students (Horwitz, 2010). Sara should hand out different tests to students, to further assess their knowledge; the tests for boys could be designed in a way that it includes questions relating to football. Similarly, she should use the girl preferred topics for the introduction of new concepts in her math lesson for girls, which interests them most. Megan would have a clear picture of her student’s language capabilities, once she converse with them for some time. She should spend at least one week assessing their language capabilities by engaging them in

Trends in porting existing PC applications to the mobile environment Research Paper

Trends in porting existing PC applications to the mobile environment - Research Paper Example This makes porting existing PC applications to the mobile environment an uphill task for the developers (Damianos Gavalas and Daphne Economou) Interoperability is by far the largest impediment in application development. There are so many devices that run on totally different operating systems, having different screen sizes among other local requirements of the markets. Mobile app developers are therefore faced with a unique challenge of making apps that will work flawlessly across the different platforms. That is why porting of applications is probably the most important concern for app developers today. When porting of applications, there are three important considerations to make. The first is the device type. You have to consider that the app will be running on smart phones, brew devices, or J2ME devices. The second consideration to make is the operating systems used. Quite a number of mobile apps usually need some native functions of a specific operating system. This makes it almost impossible for developers to write code only once and reuse it across the different platforms. Thirdly, you need to consider the device features. Different mobile devices have different features like screen size, keyboard types, and internal memory. A good app must put the variations into perspective (Damianos Gavalas and Daphne

Use Of Determiners In Newspaper Media Media Essay

Use Of Determiners In Newspaper Media Media Essay This study aims to examine how different strategies and processes are used in sociolinguistics, as a way of adjustment of the writers manner of address, in relation to his or her perception of the addressee; focusing on the use of determiners. The hypothesis for this study is therefore: fewer determiners will be deleted from the newspapers considered up-market (Group 1), than the amount deleted from those newspapers considered mid and down-market (Group 2). This is a complex process of change within the dynamics of conversation and writing.  [1]  It is often said that convergence seems to be the rule in media language. For instance, phonological features in radio broadcasting showed that presenters use measurably more informal pronunciations in stations which primarily address lower class, less educated, and younger listeners.  [2]  As far as newspapers are concerned, the followed classic hypothesis of convergence has been made by S. Hall, who claims that there is reciprocity of producer/reader of which he called the public idiom of the media. However, this does not mean that the readers actually speak what they read or listen to, but there is evidence to suggest that a convergence takes place and that each paper makes its own convergence toward what it sees as a mode of discourse acceptable to its readership.  [3]   Background Research Bell has carried out research into determiner deletion;  [4]  that being words found within the English Language that limit the meaning of a noun and comes before a descriptive adjective modifying the same noun (e.g. the, a, an, this etc.).  [5]  Several studies show that the deletion of articles in such phrases distinguishes tabloids from broadsheet British Newspapers. These are correlationswith assumed class and education and the deletion of determiners seems to imply modernity, populism, and journalistic raciness. Ryden and Bell  [6]  both investigate the use of noun phrase name appositions in the language of newspapers, and in particular the spread of phrases like Opposition leader Neil Knock with the descriptive noun phrase without a determiner preceding the title. This format is relatively recent and is, in Britain, largely but not entirely restricted to the two categories of mid-down market papers The influence of the reader in newspaper style is supported by the research carried out by Bell  [7]  and Jucker  [8]  . Bell, in his studies on naming expressions, states that this practice was more common in papers like The Sun, The Mirror, and The Express than in The Telegraph, The Guardian and The Times. After studying the deletion of determiners Jucker divided British newspapers into three categories: up-market; The Times, Financial Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The Daily telegraph, midmarket; Daily Mail, Daily Express, down-market; Daily Mirror, The Daily Star, and The Sun. He found that determiners were deleted more often in down-market papers than in mid-market papers, while there were very few deletions in style with a certain type of reader. Methodology Many considerations were taken in terms of which method would be best to use in order to carry out the investigation into the use of determiners in the media. The first decision that had to be made was which branch of the media would be used as a source for the study. The options ranged from television programs, magazines, internet websites, radio and newspapers. The choice of newspapers was made based primarily on access to previous research, mentioned in the above Background Research section of this report. The fact that a similar study had been carried out byBell et al. in the comparison of determiner usage between the different types of newspaper gave a good basis on which to base this study. Added to this is the intrigue of whether the results obtained will have a similar outcome to those obtained by these linguists twenty years ago. The next step was to realise that in order to study determiners, a content analysis was the only possible method that could be used. It was also the same method used by Bell et al. in their study. However there are many advantages and disadvantages of using this process that led to many limitations to the practical side of the study. It is fairly time consuming which can often limit the researcher to a smaller sample than a less time consuming method. The chance for a margin of error is increased particularly if relational analysis is used. This study does require a level of relational analysis; that being the assumption of what, by todays standard of English, counts as a missing determiner and what does not; which limits the validity of the results, especially if the intention is to directly compare the results found by Bell et al. It is also difficult to computerize and therefore the results obtained have to be manually automated which adds to the total time consumption that using a digital content analysis could perhaps have avoided. On the other hand there are many advantages to using content analysis such as the fact that it can combine quantitative and qualitative operations through the ability to see clearly the context of the deletion or inclusion. This method also has very few ethical issues as it is available to the public and no permission is needed in order to access it. It is also a very unobtrusive means of analysing the use of the English Language. It is also reliable as this study has been done before and can be repeated by the same or other researchers. The study therefore began firstly by selecting a number of different newspapers to compare. This was done by initially selecting an equal number of British papers that are considered up-market newspapers, i.e. The Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, and an equal number of mid-downmarket  [9]  newspapers such as The Daily Mail, The Sun and The Daily Star. The six papers aforementioned were picked from those available from the University Shop on campus, with each category of newspaper represented and to be used in comparison with each other. They were then grouped into the retrospective classes: Group 1 included The Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian; Group 2 included The Sun, The Daily Mail and The Daily Star. The hypothesis, that fewer determiners will be deleted from the papers in Group 1 than the amount deleted from Group 2, was then decided upon. After the newspapers were selected the specific details of how this content analysis would be carried out was then agreed upon. It was decided that two articles would be analysed from each of the six papers; one regarding a political subject and the other focussing on sport. This was done in order to firstly observe if there was any difference between the uses of determiners between the papers and then secondly if there was a difference within the different papers when the subject matter was different. It was clear that in order to increase the validity of this research the newspapers analysed would have to all be taken from the same date and then the articles chosen were to be about the same topic within politics and sport. The newspapers were therefore collected for analysis on the 6th May 2010 and the similar stories of the day in the two subject areas were then analysed. It was decided that the headlines and tag lines of all the articles would be included in the study. However it was recognised that headlines in general tend to have determiner deletions as standard. After the articles were selected the exact process of working out the determiner deletion was decided upon. Firstly the article word length was counted and recorded, then the entire article was analysed and all the determiners within the article were highlighted and totalled. Then a second analysis of each article was carried out in order to locate where the determiners were missing in accordance with Standard English practice.  [10]  These would again be totalled and recorded in a spread sheet where the number of determiners which have been deleted would be calculated as a percentage of the total determiners that could have been used in the entire article. Although every measure has been taken to improve the reliability, validity and practical issues posed by any method of research, this study is not without its limitations. Firstly not all the variables can be controlled. Firstly, the sex of the journalist whom had written each article is not being taken into account. This means that the results obtained could be reduced in validity, due to the fact that gender could have an influence over the amount of determiners used within the articles. In a similar vein, the age of the journalist is also unknown, which could similarly have an impact upon the amount of determiners used or deleted. It is also a fairly subjective study and it is likely that some determiner deletions could be overlooked depending upon the researcher carrying out the study. Due to the time consuming nature of this method as aforementioned the sample size had to be kept quite small to three newspapers of the two different categories. This reduces the representativeness of the study as not all newspapers have been analysed. Added to this, only one newspaper considered mid-market has been used alongside two considered down market which means the sample is not as representative as it could be. Therefore it is probably unlikely that any generalisations can be made from this study only suggestions. Results The table of results and bar graphs for this study can be found in Appendices 1.0 2.2. Discussion As stated in the hypothesis it would have been expected that this study would produce results similar to those presented by Bell in 1991, though possibly not so polarised and extreme, with up-markets exhibiting the least amount of determiner deletion and mid-down markets the highest. When looking at the sum of the combined averages for up-market newspapers and the mid-down market newspapers it can be seen that the up market newspapers had the combined average determiner deletion of 31.9% and the mid-down market newspapers had the combined average determiner deletion of 44.17%. This suggests that the hypothesis that fewer determiners will be deleted from the newspapers considered up-market (Group 1) than the amount deleted from those newspapers considered mid and down-market (Group 2) is supported by the results found. The newspaper with the highest average deletions was the mid-market newspaper, The Daily Mail, with an average of 15.97% determiner deletion. However, very surprisingly the up-market newspaper, The Guardian, came out with the second highest average percentage of determiner deletion, at 20.78%. Not only is this unexpected because it is an up-market newspaper, but also because The Guardians politics article had the highest determiner deletion percentage within the entire study. Based on the premise that up-markets are aimed at a higher and more educated social class than mid-down markets, and also that politics articles are likely to draw a more sophisticated readership than sports articles, it was anticipated that the former type of newspaper would use a more standard form of English with a lower percentage of determiner deletion. In addition to this, it was presumed that sports articles would also have a higher percentage of determiner deletion than articles written about politics bu t this was not found to be the case with many of the newspapers. The Daily Telegraph was the paper that supported the hypothesis the most as it came in at the bottom with only 6.09% deletion for its politics article, and this is what was supposed would happen taking into account Bells study and findings. Nevertheless, it was The Daily Telegraphs sports article that actually came in with the lowest amount of deletion, with only 3.88%. This finding was unforeseen, but it may be that the journalist writing the politics article for The Daily Telegraph wished to make it snappier so as to attract a larger audience, and believed that deleting determiners would achieve this effect. The Times supports the hypothesis as its sports article contains 15.7% of determiner deletion, but only 7.34% in its politics issue. It is also relatively near the bottom of the table as would be expected, considering it is one of the chosen up-market newspapers. The Times was in fact the newspaper that Bell found had the least amount determiner deletion in 1991, with only 5%. However it has been found that as time has passed journalists from both types of papers tend to use determiner deletion as much as each other. It is perhaps now the case that they are less concerned with targeting a very specific audience and more so with selling newspapers. It seems to be mid-down market papers that have changed the most. Bell found that they all had 73% deletion of determiners or above, whereas this study has found that the highest percentage of a mid-down market newspaper is 20.48% from The Sun. Perhaps these newspapers are trying to make themselves appear less mid-market, and appeal to a more sophisticated audience. Improvements If this study was to be performed again there are a few ways in which it could be improved. Firstly, as two members of the group worked out the percentage of determiner deletion there is immediately going to be a difference in results as deciding where determiners should be and have been deleted is a subjective process. It is not always clear and so perhaps if this were to be replicated each member of the group should work out the percentage from all papers and then compare the findings, working out the average percentage of deletion. Using a larger sample would also be beneficial as one article may not be representative of the whole newspaper, and so there may have been anomalies within the results. The articles chosen were all of varied lengths and so this could have affected the results. It may be that articles tend to have the most determiner deletion at the end and therefore the longer an article is the higher percentage of deletion. It could even be possible that the journalists articles that were chosen to be analysed could have previously or aspired to be a writer for the other type of newspaper, and so arestill writing in that style. This is possibly something that could have been researched to ensure the articles used in this study were written by the same types of authors and were truly representative of the whole papers style. Moreover, there was no focus in the study on one particular sex and therefore next time a comparison between male journalists writing for up-markets and female journalists writin g for the same type of paper could be looked into and compared against mid-down market newspapers. It would be interesting to discover whether females for example chose to delete more determiners than males. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has supported the hypothesis but only to an extent. It has found a very mixed set of results; with some papers supporting the hypothesis and others challenging it. Whilst it was found that a mid-down market newspaper did have the highest average percentage of determiner deletion what was most surprising was that The Guardian has the second highest average percentage of determiner deletion, which would very much suggest that times and the styles attributed to each type of newspaper have changed drastically in the twenty years since Bell performed his study. This may possibly be due to the fact that newspaper sales are continually declining, and so both types of papers are trying to appeal to a wider audience. As suggested by Roy Greenslade, print cant compete with 24-hour news on television and radio,  [11]  and so they need to do all they can to up their sales. If up-market newspapers for example continue to focus on an upper-class audience then they are seriously limiting their number of potential buyers, and so buy removing determiners they make their articles snappier and more accessible to a larger audience. It is also possible that the complexity of the issues reported on in up-market newspapers actually makes it harder to cut out determiners, and therefore the political issues have a higher amount of determiner deletion because their authors try a lot harder to do so. Finally, the results obtained by this study imply that the percentage of determiner deletion could depend more on the journalist writing the article, as opposed to the type of newspaper they are writing for. Bibliography Allen, Robert, The Penguin English Dictionary, (London: The Penguin Group, 2001) Bell, Allen, The Language of the News Media, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991) Giles, Howard and Peter F. Powesland,  Speech Style and Social Evaluation, (London: Academic Press, 1975) Holmes, Janet, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, (Essex, Pearson Education Limited), pp. 137-138 Leonhard, Joachim-Fà ©lix, Hans-Werner Ludwig, Media Science: A Manual for the Development of the Media and Communication Forms, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Co., 2002) Jucker, Andreas H, Social stylistics: Syntactic Variation in British Newspapers, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Co., 1992) Roy Greensdale, Newspaper Sales Plunge over the Decade, Monday 14th December, 2009 [accessed 19th May 2010] Appendix 1.0 A Table of Results Newspaper Type Article Subject % Deletion Average Combined Average Article Word Count No. of Determiners No. of Deleted Determiners The Guardian Up-market Politics 20.78% 15.39% 870 154 32 Sport 10.00% 795 140 14 The Times Up-market Politics 7.34% 11.52% 727 109 8 Sport 15.70% 634 121 19 The Telegraph Up-market Politics 6.09% 4.99% 31.90% 800 115 7 Sport 3.88% 827 103 4 The Daily Mail Mid-market Politics 16.03% 15.97% 799 131 21 Sport 15.91% 878 132 21 The Sun Mid-market Politics 20.48% 14.37% 767 83 13 Sport 8.25% 587 97 8 The Daily Star Down-market Politics 19.10% 13.84% 44.17% 694 115 22 Sport 8.57% 836 105 9 Appendix 2.0 A Bar Graph Depicting the Results of Determiner Deletions between the Types of Newspapers and Subject Matter Appendix 2.1 A Bar Graph Depicting the Results of Average Determiner Deletions between all Newspapers

Identity in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Alice Walkers The Color Purple :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Identity in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Alice Walker's The Color Purple Personal identity is vital to living a worthwhile life. A person who goes through life without knowing what he or she stands for and believes in is living an incomplete life. Those who lack an understanding of their identity will unintentionally accept outsiders’ opinions and stereotypes of them. This harmful position can be seen in many characters from the African-American Literature class. Bigger Thomas, from Richard Wright’s, Native Son, is one lost character. Another character who lacks understanding is Alice Walker’s Celie, from The Color Purple. Both of these characters have a different awareness level of the position that they stand in, and that level changes throughout their respective stories as they attempt to determine what is of importance to them. Bigger Thomas is one character, yet he represents the condition of numerous people. Richard Wright manifested his character from various people that he encountered and rolled all of those interactions and emotions into one character. One reason that the name â€Å"Bigger† is very appropriate for this character is that the name prevents the readers from limiting the character to one person. The name represents more of a complex than a person. This complex includes all young colored men who do not see how they fit into the big picture of society. Bigger does not know what his identity is. He did not receive an abundance of love and support as a child to give him the crucial confidence needed for him to fight for a position in life. Instead, he followed into the stereotypical roles for a poor black man on the streets of Chicago. Bigger often was in trouble with the law. He stole from stores and carried weapons on him. He got into fights with the guys who he hung out with. He did not have a job even though his family had very little to survive economically. These are all traits of the â€Å"bad Negro,† which is another reasoning for the name â€Å"Bigger.† If Bigger had more confidence in what he could accomplish with his abilities, he would challenge the rules that keep him out of the flight school.